Evolution Characteristics and Clinical Significance of Blood Separation in Patients with Multiple Myeloma / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the evolution of blood separation results by gel extraction of multiple myeloma (MM) patients, and to evaluate the clinical value of abnormal blood separation results for the evaluation of disease and prognosis.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 5 patients diagnosed newly MM patients with abnormal blood separation of gel collection vessels in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed, and the changes of blood separation results and blood index levels were followed up with the improvement of treatment effect, and the correlation of different blood index levels was analyzed.@*RESULTS@#In 5 patients with newly diagnosed MM, the blood separation result showed floating phenomenon after centrifugation, which divided into three layers and the order from top to bottom is separator gel, serum, and red blood cells(RBC). With partial remission of clinical symptoms, the blood separation results were still abnormal, which were divided into three layers from top to bottom: serum, RBC and separator gel. Finally, with complete remission of the disease, blood separation results returned to normal, from top to bottom: serum, separator gel, RBC. With the blood separation results from abnormal to normal, the blood routine indicators: Hb, Hct levels gradually increased, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR) gradually decreased; biochemical indexes: TP, GLB, Ig and β2-MG levels gradually decreased. Tumor load related indicators: serum IL-6, TNF-α, IL-17 levels gradually decreased, and IL-35 levels gradually increased; and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum β2-MG was positively correlated with IL-6, TNF-α and IL-17 levels (r=0.710, 0.756, 0.581, P<0.05), and negatively correlated with IL-35 level (r=-0565, P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Abnormal blood separation exists in MM patients, and there are significant differences in blood, tumor load and immune balance related indexes in patients with different blood separation results, which provides partial experimental basis for evaluation of disease, efficacy and prognosis with different blood separation results.

Effect of ranibizumab injection on the surgical outcome and complications of PDR patients before PPV / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To investigate the effect of intravitreal injection of ranibizumab on the surgical outcomes and complications of PDR patients.<p>METHODS: We selected 84 patients with 106 eyes who were scheduled to undergo PPV surgery in our hospital from 01-2016/01-2018. According to the random number table method, the observation group and the control group were divided into 42 cases. Both groups were treated with PPV surgery, and the observation group was given a vitreous injection of ranibizumab before surgery. The BCVA, macular foveal thickness, serum VEGF, GAS6, SDF-1, and surgical complications were compared between the two groups before and after surgery.<p>RESULTS: There was no difference in BCVA between the two groups before operation(<i>P</i>>0.05). At 3mo after operation, the BCVA of the observation group was significantly better than that of the control group(<i>P</i><0.05). At 1wk postoperatively, the foveal thickness of the observation group was smaller than that of the control group(<i>P</i><0.05). At 3mo after operation, there was no difference in the thickness of the foveal fove between the two groups(<i>P</i>>0.05). There were no differences in serum VEGF, GAS6 and SDF-1 levels between the two groups before surgery(<i>P</i><0.05). At 1wk postoperatively, the serum levels of VEGF, GAS6 and SDF-1 in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(<i>P</i><0.05). The complication rate of the observation group was lower than that of the control group(5.9% <i>vs</i> 20.0%, <i>P</i><0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: Intravitreal injection of ranibizumab in patients with PDR can significantly reduce macular thickness, serum VEGF, GAS6, and SDF-1 levels, improve visual acuity after surgery, and reduce the incidence of surgical complications.

Immunization with recombinant HBcAg and β-amyloid peptide fusion protein promotes clearance of intrahippocampally injected β-amyloid peptide in rats / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of immunization with the fusion protein CAC (a product of prokaryotic expression of recombinant HBcAg and β-amyloid peptide fusion gene) against the toxicity induced by intrahippocampal injection of aggregated β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>SD rats were immunized intraperitoneally with the fusion protein CAC, and the titer of anti-Aβ antibody was evaluated by ELISA. When the titers of the anti-Aβ antibody reached 1:3 000, aggregated Aβ was injected into the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus. Two weeks after Aβ injection, the rats underwent morris water maze test before sacrificed to prepare the brain slices with Congo red and haematoxylin staining.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The titer of anti-Aβ antibody reached 1:3 000 after 5 immunizations with the fusion protein. After Aβ injection, the saline-immunized rats showed a reduced cognitive behavior in the Morris water maze test compared to the CAC-immunized rats. In the saline-immunized rats, the neurons around the site of Aβ injection exhibited obvious cell damages with Aβ deposits and glial infiltration, whereas in CAC-immunized rats, Aβ deposits were significantly reduced or even absent.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Immunization with the fusion protein CAC can inhibit the toxicity induced by intrahippocampal aggregated Aβ injection.</p>

Clinical and cranial MRI analysis on five cases of toxic encephalopathy induced by dichloroethane / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical features, cranial MRI and treatment of toxic encephalopathy induced by 1, 2-dichloroethane (1, 2-DCE).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical, MRI features and treatment of 5 patients with toxic encephalopathy induced by 1,2-DCE were observed and analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Five patients all presented with subacute onset with a history of direct exposure to 1,2-DCE. Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid pressures were all increased in 5 patients. All 5 patients had obvious intracranial hypertension. Liver and kidney function had no obvious abnormalities; Cranial MRI showed T1WI low signal and T2WI high signal in bilateral hemispheric white matter, cerebellar dentate nucleus and globus pallidus. After the treatment of dehydrating agent, glucocorticoid and supportive treatment, four patients were clearly improved, and one patient had cerebral hernia formation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The main neurological clinical features in patients with 1,2-DEC poisoning is obvious intracranial hypertension. The prognosis is usually good with early and long term use of glucocorticoids and dehydrating agent in poisoning patients.</p>

An insulinoma with clinical and electroencephalographic features resembling complex partial seizures / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

We described a female patient with insulinoma who experienced recurrent episodes of automatism, confusion and convulsion. Furthermore, her electroencephalography (EEG) findings resembled the pattern in complex partial seizures with secondary generalization. The interictal EEG showed spikes and sharp waves, as well as focal slowing over the left temporal lobe, and the ictal EEG revealed generalized spikes and sharp waves associated with diffused slowing. She was initially misdiagnosed as pharmacoresistant epilepsy. After the insulinoma was found and surgically removed, her EEG turned normal and she was seizure-free during the 4-year follow-up. This report highlights the need for careful reassessment of all seizures refractory to medication, even for the patients associated with epileptiform discharges on EEG.

Effects of puerarin with aspirin on the markers of damaged vascular endothelial cells in patients with acute cerebral infarction / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of puerarin with aspirin on the markers of damaged vascular endothelial cells, as von Willebrand factor (vWF), and thrombomodulin (TM) in patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI).</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Forty-five patients with ACI were included in this study and divided into basic treatment and puerarin groups, meanwhile 26 healthy persons selected as control group. The serum vWF and sTM concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) and national institute health stroke scale (NIHSS) score was evaluated at admission and 14 days later after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The level of serum vWF significantly increased in patients with ACI compared to control and major stroke had higher vWF level than minor stroke (P < 0.01), but the serum level of sTM had no obviously differences respectively. Correlation analysis showed that there is a positive correlation between the level of vWF and NIHSS score (P < 0.05, r = 0.368), while the significant correlations between the level of vWF and sTM, sTM and NIHSS score were not observed. After 14 days treatment, the level of serum vWF and NIHSS score were obviously decreased in patients treated with puerarin and aspirin, not in basic treated patients. The level of sTM was increased in patients after 14 d, while puerarin treated patient has lower sTM level than patients with basic treatment (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Patients with ACI cotreated with puerarin and aspirin improved the neurological function, decreased the levels of serum vWF and sTM, indicating puerarin with aspirin had the protective effects on the damaged vascular endothelial cells.</p>

Effects of puerarin on expression of nuclear factor kappaB after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the activation of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-KB) and the influence of puerarin on it after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury was induced by 90 min of middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion and followed by 2, 6, 12, 24, 72 h reperfusion. Puerarin or saline was intra-peritoneally injected 1h before MCA occlusion and then the drugs were administered once every six hours. The infarct volume and brain edema were determined by TTC stain. Level of NF-kappaB P65 subunit was determined by immunohistochemistry and western blot.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Immunohistochemistry revealed the translocation of NF-kappaB. A time course of NF-kappaB induction in brain showed that NF-kappaB P65 subunit obviously increased at 6 h, peaked at 24 h and then decreased by 72 h post-reperfusion. Puerarin decreased the level of NF-kappaB at 24, 72 h after reperfusion. There was a decrease trend in brain infarct volume between puerarin and control.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>NF-kappaB is translocated and its level is increased after ischemia-reperfusion. Puerarin may attenuate the ischemia-reperfusion injury through inhibition of NF-kappaB activation.</p>

Protective effect of shenqi fuzheng injection on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injured aged rats / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the protective effects of Shenqi Fuzheng Injection (SFI) on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injured aged rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Aged SD male rats, weighing 200-300 g, were randomly divided into 4 groups: the model group, the sham-operative group, the nimodipine positive control group (abbreviated as nimodipine group) and the SFI group. Focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injured rat model was established by modified Longa method. SFI was administered by intravenous dripping 1 week before ischemia. Nervous function disorder, brain infarction area, serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) levels, brain contents of Ca2+ , water, MDA and SOD levels were observed 3 hrs after ischemia and 3 hrs after reperfusion.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>perimental results showed that SFI could obviously improve the deficit of nerve function, decrease water content of brain, reduce the infarction area of brain, and inhibit Ca2 + aggregation. LDH and CK levels in serum and MDA in brain were obviously lower than those in the model group and SOD activity in cerebral tissue was obviously higher than that in the model group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SFI had protective effect on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injured aged rats, whose mechanism might be related to the inhibition of lipid peroxidation and Ca2+ aggregation.</p>

Specific suppression of beta-secretase gene expression by short interfering RNA in mammalian cells / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate whether short interfering RNAs(siRNAs) of beta-site APP cleaving enzyme (BACE) can inhibit the expression of BACE in mammalian cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The gene of EGFP, U6 promoter and beta-secretase targeting siRNA were cloned by PCR, respectively. The PCR products were inserted into plasmid pLXSN. The interfering vector pLXSN/EGFP-U6-siBACE was transferred into SK-N-SH cells to express BACE. The inhibition effect of BACE siRNA on BACE expression was investigated by fluoroscopy and immunohistochemistry method.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The interfering vector pLXSN/EGFP-U6-siBACE was constructed successfully. The BACE siRNA inhibited the expression of BACE in the SK-N-SH cells specifically and effectively, and the production of A beta was reduced.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>BACE siRNA can inhibit the expression of BACE gene of mammalian cells.</p>

Protective effect of adeno-associated viral vector-mediated expression of human brain-derived neurotrophic factor in rat neurons against beta-amyloid-induced Alzheimer's disease in vitro / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To achieve expression of human brain-derived neurotrophic factor (hBDNF) mediated by recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) and explore the mechanism of its neuroprotective effects in rat neurons against beta-amyloid-induced Alzheimer's disease.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using molecular cloning technique, rAAV vector containing hBDNF gene (AAV-hBDNF) was constructed to transfect SD rat hippocampal neurons exposed to beta-amyloid treatment. The changes in cell apoptosis were observed by MTT assay and flow cytometry, and the expression of hBDNF and Bcl-2 protein were determined by immunocytochemical staining. Laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) was used to observe the changes of [Ca(2+)](i).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The cultured rat hippocampal neurons were effectively transfected with AAV-hBDNF and expression of BDNF protein was obviously increased. hBNDF expression showed significant protective effects against beta-amyloid-induced neuronal damage, and the expression of Bcl-2 protein was increased significantly and the balance of [Ca(2+)](i) was maintained in BDNF-treated cells with beta-amyloid exposure.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>hBDNF expression can effectively protect cultured rat hippocampal cells from beta-amyloid-induced apoptosis through inhibiting the intracellular calcium overload and increasing the expression of Bcl-2 protein.</p>

Tumor-suppression effect of polyactin A combined with GM-CSF, TNF-alpha and IL-4 on cord blood mononuclear cells / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the tumor-suppression effect of PA combined with GM-CSF, TNF-alpha and IL-4 on cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMC).@*METHODS@#The mononuclear cells were isolated from human umbilical cord blood and cultured with polyacttin A (PA), GM-CSF + TNF-alpha + IL-4 (GTI), and GTI + PA (GTIP) respectively. Six days later, surface antigen expression of the cultured cells, including CD1a and CD83, which were the specialized markers of dendritic cell (DC), were analyzed by immunohistochemistry technique. The CBMC were cultured with GTI for 24 h to enhance DC, then were added apoptotic/necrotic Hela/HepG2 tumor cells, and finally PA was co-cultured. The antitumor cytotoxicity of CBMC was measured by MTT assay.@*RESULTS@#After the culture, CD1a and CD83 positive cell rates of the PA group inreased significantly, reaching (19.63 +/- 3.61)%, (9.28 +/- 4.31) % respectively, much higher than that of the control, but lower than that of the GTI group. The killing rate to the tumor cells of CBMC cultured with GTIP increased remarkably, much higher than the control, GTI and PA groups. After tumor antigens were added to the CBMC of GTIP group (GTIP + Tc), the killing rate increased.@*CONCLUSION@#PA not only promotes the proliferation and maturation of cord blood derived DC, but also improves the tumor-suppression effect of CBMC cultured with GTI.

Anti-tumor effect of pcDNA3. 1-Egr. 1p-p16 gene combined with radiotherapy in tumor-bearing nude mice / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the optimal doses of X-ray irradiation and plasmid injection in the anti-tumor effect of the pcDNA3. 1-Egr. 1p-p16 gene combined with radiotherapy in vivo.@*METHODS@#We observed the anti-tumor effect of the pcDNA3. 1-Egr. 1p-p16 gene combined with radiotherapy with different doses of X-ray irradiation (2, 10, 20 Gy) and plasmid injection (10, 20, 30 microg) in nude mice with JF-305 pancreatic carcinoma, and detected the expression of p16 in tumor by RT-PCR.@*RESULTS@#The tumor growth rate of the nude mice irradiated locally with 20 Gy X-rays after the plasmid injection was significantly lower (P < 0.05 ) than that of the nude mice irradiated locally with 2 Gy or 10 Gy X-ray 3 days after the irradiation. The tumor growth rate of the nude mice injected locally with 20 microg or 30 microg plasmid was significantly lower (P <0.05 ) than that of the nude mice injected locally with 10 microg plasmid. Both pcDNA3. 1-Egr. 1p-p16 group and pcDNA3. 1-Egr. 1p-p16 +20 Gy group had p16 mRNA expression, but the mRNA level of pcDNA3. 1-Egr. 1p-p16 +20 Gy group was higher than that of pcD- NA3. 1-Egr. 1p-p16 group.@*CONCLUSION@#In the pcDNA3. 1-Egr. 1p-p16 gene combined with radiotherapy in vivo the optimal dose of X-ray irradiation was 20 Gy and the optimal dose of plasmid injection was 20 microg. The anti-tumor effect of pcDNA3. 1-Egr. 1p-p16 combined with radiotherapy is better than that of radiotherapy or gene therapy alone, which may be related with the enhanced p16 expression in tumor after the irradiation.

Effect of mailuoning injection on calcitonin gene-related peptide expression in facial nerve of rabbits with facial spasm / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the mechanism of Mailuoning injection (MLN) in protecting facial nerve from injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The New Zealand white rabbit model with facial spasm was established by compressing superficial temporal artery to make artificial demyelinated lesion of the main peripheral facial nerve trunk. The successful establishment was confirmed by using electrophysiological technique to determine abnormal muscle response (AMR) which is a characteristic for facial spasm. MLN was injected continuously through ear marginal vein for 2 weeks. The change of CGRP expression in facial nerve was detected by immunohistochemical technique.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>As compared with the model group, CGRP expression in facial nerve was significantly increased in the MLN group (P <0.01), and CGRP immunoreactive positive fibers were not seen in the shamoperation group. In the model group, the facial nerve fibers degenerated obviously, myelin sheath loosened and dissociated, the turgent axons with vacuole or even completely disappeared. But the facial nerve lesion was lessened in the MLN group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MLN has a significant protective effect on facial nerve demyelination in rabbits with facial spasm, which is closely related with its effect in improving CGRP expression in the facial nerve.</p>

Microanatomical study on the nutrient artery of facial nerve in cerebellopontine angle / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the arterial origin of the facial nerve and the site of the arteries joining it in cerebellopontine angle (CPA), in order to provide anatomical data for clinical application.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The nutrient arteries were observed on 22 fresh adult head specimens fixed and perfused with formalin and gelatin under operation microscope.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of all the nutrient arteries of facial nerve motor root,31 were derived from the artery loops in CPA space (50.82%) and 17 from the branch of anterior inferior cerebellar artery (27.88%). Eight of them originated from the labyrinthine artery (13.1%), 3 from posterior inferior cerebellar artery (4.92%) and 2 from basilar artery (3.28%) respectively. Forty-seven nutrient arteries (77.05%) entered the proximal 1/3 segment of facial nerve motor root. Thirty-six nutrient arteries of nervus intermedius raised from the artery loops in CPA space (73.47%), 7 from the branch of anterior inferior cerebellar artery (14.29%) and 6 from labyrinthine artery (12.24%) respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The observation of the arterial origin of the facial nerve and the site of the arteries joining it in cerebellopontine angle provided an anatomic basis for the etiology of hemifacial spasm and the microsurgical operation in CPA.</p>

Elevated plasma tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and soluble thrombomodulin in patients suffering from severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) as a possible index for prognosis and treatment strategy / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the presence of endothelial injury in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) via enhanced levels of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and soluble thrombomodulin (sTM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Case patients were from Xuanwu Hospital (Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China), and all of them met clinical criteria for SARS. Healthy controls were some of the hospital employees. Endothelial injury bio-markers tPA and sTM were detected by commercial ELISA-methods.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Classic plasma markers of endothelial injury, tPA and sTM significantly elevated in SARS patients in comparison to controls [t-PA: 1.48 +/- 0.16 nmol/L versus 0.25 +/- 0.03 nmol/L (P<0.0001), and sTM: 0.26 +/- 0.06 nmol/L versus 0.14 +/- 0.02 nmol/L (P<0.05)]. The only patient who died had extremely high levels of these endothelial injury markers (t-PA: 2.77 nmol/L and sTM: 1.01 nmol/L). The likelihood ratio analysis indicated the excellent discriminating power for SARS at the optimal cut-point of 0.49 nmol/L for tPA and 0.20 nmol/L for sTM, respectively. Significant numerical correlations were found among these endothelial injury markers in SARS patients. The numerical coefficient of correlation Pearson r between t-PA and sTM was 0.5867 (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Increased plasma concentrations of tPA and sTM in patients with SARS suggest the possibility of endothelial injury. SARS patients might need anticoagulant therapy or fibrinolytic therapy in order to reverse intraalveolar coagulation, microthrombi formation, alveolar and interstitial fibrin deposition. It may not only provide a useful treatment and prognostic index but also allow a further understanding of the pathological condition of the disease.</p>

Experimental study of mailuoning injection on therapy of hemifacial spasm / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the protective effect of Mailuoning on the facial nerve demyelination of Hemifacial spasm and provide the data for therapy of Hemifacial spasm.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>24 New Zealand white rabbits were divided into control group, Saline group and Mailuoning group, on the latter two groups the models of Hemifacial spasm were made by the temporal superficial artery closely contacting the main trunk of facial nerve at stylomastoid foramen. From the 5th week, the Saline and Mailuoning were injected intravenously into ear margin for 2 weeks on Saline and Mailuoning group respectively. At the 7th week, the MDA and SOD in serum were measured, mean while the microstructure and ultrastructure of facial nerve were observed on 3 animal groups.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The MDA decreased obviously (P < 0.05) and SOD increased significantly (P < 0.01) in Mailuoning group comparing with that of Saline group, while the MDA and SOD showed insignificant changes of Mailuoning group and control group. The facial nerve severely demyelinated and axons retrogressively changed in Saline group but mild in Mailuoning group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Mailuoning injection has a significant protective effect on the facial nerve demyelination of Hemifacial spasm and the very important applied value for therapy of Hemifacial spasm.</p>

Protective effects and mechanisms of serial TCM "Huoxuehuayu" prescriptions on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine effects and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine serial "Huoxuehuayu" (activating blood flow and removing blood stasis) prescriptions on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by 60 min of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and followed by 3 d reperfusion. Drugs were orally administered 1 h before MCAO and 4 h after reperfusion and the following 2 d. The neurological scores were evaluated 3 d after reperfusion. Then the animals were sacrificed, the infarct volumes, right and left areas of brain section, the pathologic changes and the normal neurons in hippocampal CA1 and cortex were determined by using an image analyzer. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in brain tissue were evaluated by spectrophotography. The expression of NMDA R1 subunit (NR1) and endothelial NOS (eNOS) was determined by immunoblotting technique.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Serial "Huoxuehuayu" prescriptions and nimodipine improved neuronal dysfunction, and reduced infarct size and brain edema. Serial Huoxuehuayu prescriptions and nimodipine reduced MDA content and NOS activity, and increased SOD activity. Western blotting analysis demonstrated induction of NR1.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Serial Huoxuehuayu prescriptions have a protective effect on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by reducing NOS activity, MDA content, expression of NR1 and increasing SOD activity.</p>

Novel quantitative method for evaluating oxygen/glucose deprivation-induced injury of hippocampal slices / 浙江大学学报·医学版

OBJECTIVE: To establish a simple, sensitive in vitro method to evaluate oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced injury of brain hippocampal slices in rats. METHODS: Rat hippocampal slices were incubated in 2% 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) solution after oxygen/glucose deprivation. They were then soaked in a measured volume of ethanol and dimethylsulfoxide (50:50) to extract the TTC formazan Product which was then measured by spectrophotometry. OGD induced LDH release was simultaneously measured. RESULTS: Progressive prolongation of OGD induced hippocampal injury resulted in decreased formazan coloration as determined by spectrophotometry. There was a parallel increase in LDH release, thus a negative correlation in these two products was noted. (r=-0.933,P <0.01). The injury was attenuated in the brain slices pre-treated with nimodipine, dexamethasone, and ketamine, but not ONO-1078. CONCLUSION: Solvent extraction and spectrophotometric quantification of formazan represents an objective measurement of OGD-induced injury of rat hippocampal slices.